OECD 439: In vitro skin irritation (EpiSkin™ / EpiDerm™)
Skin irritation tests are performed using in vitro 3D human skin tissue models that closely mimic the human epidermis, such as EpiDerm™ and Episkin™ models which consist of human epidermal keratinocytes. Irritant chemicals are identified by their ability to decrease cell viability below defined threshold levels. Cell viability is measured by enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured. Colored chemicals can also be assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).